Tenses
Hopyratian uses 7 basic tenses that are conjugated from the Infinitive. These are: Present, Recent, Distant Past, Near Future, Distant Future, Perfect and Pluperfect.
The suffixes for each ending are:
Infinitve -ki (to verb)
Present -ti (used for events happening at the current time)
Recent -oi (used for events that happened under one year ago)
Distant Past -ic' (used for events that happened over one year ago)
Near Future -aē (used for events that are going to happen less than a year in the future)
Distant Future -bel (used for events that will happen in more than years time)
Perfect -oibo (used for saying what you "have done")
Pluperfect -icbo (used for saying what you "had done")
Persons in tenses are formmed by using the subject pronouns:
The suffixes for each ending are:
Infinitve -ki (to verb)
Present -ti (used for events happening at the current time)
Recent -oi (used for events that happened under one year ago)
Distant Past -ic' (used for events that happened over one year ago)
Near Future -aē (used for events that are going to happen less than a year in the future)
Distant Future -bel (used for events that will happen in more than years time)
Perfect -oibo (used for saying what you "have done")
Pluperfect -icbo (used for saying what you "had done")
Persons in tenses are formmed by using the subject pronouns:
Present Tense - to speak: speak, speaks
Number
Singular: Plural: |
1st Person
Yi tenoti Gal tenoti |
2nd Person
Wur tenoti Wurrū tenoti (formal only) |
3rd Person
Nel/Fāl/Ven tenoti Don tenoti |
Recent Tense - to speak: spoke
Number
Singular: Plural: |
1st Person
Yi teno'oi Gal teno'oi |
2nd Person
Wur teno'oi Wurrū teno'oi (formal only) |
3rd Person
Nel/Fāl/Ven teno'oi Don teno'oi |
Distant Past Tense - to speak: spoke
Number
Singular: Plural: |
1st Person
Yi tenoic' Gal tenoic' |
2nd Person
Wur tenoic' Wurrū tenoic' (formal only) |
3rd Person
Nel/Fāl/Ven tenoic' Don tenoic' |
Near Future Tense -to speak: going to speak/will speak
Number
Singular: Plural: |
1st Person
Yi teno'aē Gal teno'aē |
2nd Person
Wur teno'aē Wurrū teno'aē (formal only) |
3rd Person
Nel/Fāl/Ven teno'aē Don teno'aē |
Distant Future Tense -to speak: will speak
Number
Singular: Plural: |
1st Person
Yi tenobel Gal tenobel |
2nd Person
Wur tenobel Wurrū tenobel (formal only) |
3rd Person
Nel/Fāl/Ven tenobel Don tenobel |
Perfect Tense -to speak: have spoken
Number
Singular: Plural: |
1st Person
Yi tenooibo Gal tenooibo |
2nd Person
Wur tenooibo Wurrū tenooibo (formal only) |
3rd Person
Nel/Fāl/Ven tenooibo Don tenooibo |
Pulperfect Tense -to speak: had spoken
Number
Singular: Plural: |
1st Person
Yi tenoicbo Gal tenoicbo |
2nd Person
Wur tenoicbo Wurrū tenoicbo (formal only) |
3rd Person
Nel/Fāl/Ven tenoicbo Don tenoicbo |
Note on pronunciation:
When the stem of verb is a vowel, for the Recent and Near Future tense, a Glottal Stop is used '.